Blockchains are the mechanism to maintain the up-to-date decentralized public data-ledger for securing the wireless data transaction. Moreover, it is implemented in extensive real-time scenarios ranging from cryptosystem to IoT. For instance: blockchain-enabled healthcare system. This page mainly focuses on the importance of Blockchain in the current research with its benefits and research blockchain PhD topics!!!

The main objective of the blockchain is to assure security against several online attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities. And some of them are malicious attacks, majority attacks, selfish mining, denial of service (DoS) attacks.

In addition, it is also efficient to deal with other mining issues such as resource consumption, reward allocation, processing power utilization, resource allocation, and pool selection. Further, it concentrates on challenges related to blockchain trading and economics. Next, we can see the beneficial features of the blockchain network. Most of the Blockchain PhD Topics are sure to employ the following advantages to enhance the model.

Key Advantages of Blockchain Networks 

• Tamper-proof ledger:
  • Employed security algorithms (cryptography) should confirm that even the small alterations in the transaction are recorded in the peer nodes
  • This prevents the outsiders from do modifications in the transaction until the peer nodes are compromised
• Decentralized Support:
  • Each node of the network will use power for participating in a consensus process
  • Consensus protocol checks whether the transaction meets the agreement with more nodes
  • Ultimately, it eliminates monopoly in a centralized network
• Transparent Records:
  • Every transaction in the blockchain network is transparent to all peer nodes
  • So, it is easy to track the transaction for authentication
• Secure Transactions:
  • Blockchain assure that the transaction is accessed only between sender and receiver through digital signature-based asymmetric keys

Though many blockchain systems are developed vastly, they mutually follow the common principles in the blockchain processes and they are given as follows,

• Record every transaction in the distributed ledger in the peer-to-peer(P2P) network
• Acquire decentralized consensus protocol
• Utilize encryption method while signing transactions among sender and receiver parties

In recent research, our research team has identified numerous issues that are not addressed or not effectively tackled so far. Here, we take the blockchain-enabled healthcare application as the model and explain the significant issues that are open to solving for active scholars. We have massive Blockchain PhD Topics that address the following issues, 

Open Issues in Blockchain 

• Centralization:
  • Even though the blockchain has a decentralized structural design, the minors are formed in a centralized structure in a few scenarios. So, it affects the network dependability. Also, the central node may get disrupted by attackers.
• Latency:
  • Nearly 10 minutes are required to validate transactions in a block. So, the possibility of attacks at that time is high. But, the healthcare system is fully inactive state to monitor the patient’s e-records. This delay will surely affect the system’s performance.
• Resource Utilization:
  • More resources (energy and power) are utilized at the time of system execution which eventually increases the cost and resource loss. In specific, healthcare sectors are get affected by this issue. Since they use devices to continuously observe patient health. So, it uses more resources for computation.
• Usability:
  • Due to the lack of user-friendly, the usability of the system has become one of the major issues. In the case of healthcare professionals, they have only minimum knowledge in handling software. So, it is essential to build user-friendly APIs.
• Privacy:
  • Previously, it is assumed that the bitcoin framework has the main responsibility to make blockchain to assure privacy. However, it was disproved by recent research through their effective approaches. But still looking forward to more effective strategies.
• Security:
  • The attackers may compromise the system by having 51% control over computation power in the network. It is a quite serious issue in the healthcare system because they may lack reliability and reputation.

Although blockchain is a network security system, there are several ways a blockchain can face attacks. Basically, the attacks are classified into the network, software, and physical layers. Further, we have also given a list of possible attacks on each phase for your reference. 

Blockchain Security Attacks 

Network Attacks

• Sybil Attack (Network Layer)
• Replay Attack (Network Layer)
• Traffic Analysis Attack (Network Layer)
• Wormhole Attack (Network Layer)
• Denial / Distributed Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) Attack (Network and Processing Layer)
• Routing Attack (Network Layer)
• Man-in-the-middle Attack (Network Layer)
• RFID Unauthorized Access and Spoofing (Network Layer)
• Sinkhole Attack (Network Layer)
• Selective Forwarding Attack (Network Layer) 

Software Attacks

• Malware (Processing Layer)
• Trojan Horses, Adware Virus, Spyware and Worms (Application Layer) 

Physical Attacks

• Fake Data Injection (Perception Layer)
• Malicious Attack (Perception Layer)
• Sleep Deprivation Attack (Perception Layer)
• Data Tampering Attack (Perception Layer)
• Permanent Denial of Service (PDoS) (Perception Layer)
• RF Jamming and Interference Attack (Perception Layer)
• Side-Channel Attack (Perception and Application Layer)

Our research team has full of knowledge on up-to-date modern developments in Blockchain to tackle any complex problems. And, our projects are designed to untie all levels of difficulties in any challenging area through our smart approaches. Here, we have given you a few important Blockchain Research Topics that are waiting to create a ground-breaking impact on the research community.

Latest Interesting Blockchain PhD Topics

• Network
  • Software Defined Data Center and Virtualization
  • Integration of Software Defined Network and Fog Computing
• Storage 
  • Energy-Aware Computation Load Balancing in Edge Computing
    • Global Naming System
    • Secure Distributed Data Storage
    • Efficient Scalable Blockchain Framework and Database
• Computation
  • Network Computing Services
  • Data Security in Multi-Party Computation
  • Cloud Architecture in Distributed System
  • Scalable Verification Solution for Ethereum Blockchain System
  • Blockchain use cases in IoT Applications
  • Implementation of IoT System
  • IoT Identity Management
  • Access Control Mechanism for IoT System
  • IoT Supply Chain Information System
  • Simulating, Testing, and Evaluating IoT system
  • Internet of Things Embedded Systems and Tools
  • Integrating Low Power IoT Sensors
  • Role of M2M Communication Network
  • Lightweight Authentication and Authorization for IoT Sensors
  • Collaboration of Blockchain with Smart IoT applications:
    • Smart Home
    • Smart City
    • Smart Building
    • Smart Healthcare
    • Smart Power System
    • Smart Manufacturing
    • Smart Transport
    • Smart Agriculture
    • Smart Industry  

What’s New in Blockchain Technology?

Though the new advancements of blockchain are still under research, the key processes involved in blockchain applications are highlighted below,

• Consensus for Synchronization: The job of the consensus mechanism is to guarantee whether the new transaction satisfies the smart contract with peers. After that, the transaction will be updated in a shared ledger for synchronization purposes.
• Immutability and Security: The tamper-proof distributed ledger promises non-repudiable and immutability feature over the transactions using the cryptographic techniques (a one-way hash). So, the tampers are allowed to access the record until they control 51% of minors.
• Transparent and Decentralized: The peers in the blockchain network have the right to verify the transaction without the central server’s permission. Since all the transactions are recorded in the peers for easy tracking.

Next, we have given you information on a few blockchain-supported platforms that includes ledger type and consensus type for implementing real-time projects. And also, we are ready to give details on other platforms and suggest you best one based on your handpicking research idea.